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Celebrating Colour

Colour as I see it, now.

As a creative artist and designer, I have come to love working with colour. But that was not always the case and as with most things it only came with practice, repetition and necessity.

Nature demonstrates its seasonal colours to us, in a constant repeat mode every year and there really is no such thing as clashing or the wrong colours where nature is concerned.

There is much to feel and observe, opposites to recognise, like warm and cool, sunshine and shade, clear and misty, light and dark, high and low, deep and shallow, glowing and receding, shiny and matte, sparkling or dull, reflective and absorbing, transparent and opaque. 

The relationships between colours never fails to surprise and delight me.

However much information there is, that can be taught about the theory of colour, I believe you have to use it, experience it and create associations that may conflict and even be doomed as failures, in order to observe and discover that the variations possible are as wide ranging as our personalities, cultures and climates of each and every continent of the world that we live on.

I understand that there will be some people who cannot see colour as I do, just as they can hear what I cannot. Those who choose to dress entirely in black or have an all  white house and decor or just want everything  natural  and neutral and in doing so, I think are missing out on the wonderful world that colour can offer.    

Even with Black, there are Hues of  Colour, within Black.

Nearly all black shade of embroidery for a flying Mallard duck design in stitch on black denim fabric
Commission by Pauline Thomas

Taking a look at my thread suppliers shade card there are 5 shades of black, their differences only become apparent when used close together and next to their own colour groups, as I did for this Mallard Duck commission.

Even so called safe beige will have a slight tint or hue in it, taking them into one of the colour families, be it with hints of pink, yellow, green or blue.

Colour is such a personal thing too, and anyone who is creative with it, whether or not they are artists or designers will probably subconsciously at first, go on to create their personal pallet of colours as part of their own signature style that embraces their personal life experience and preferences.

My Mum always had a very conventional and conservative sense of what colours one should wear and with what. That clearly influenced the clothes she wore and those that we had to wear as her children. She was creative in making clothes, for her three girls, of which I was the youngest and we were often all dressed exactly the same and I got to wear the same style and colour dress, across three sizes for about 7 years! Fine if I liked it, not so good if I did not… tough!

The consideration of whether a colour actually suited any one of us never came into the equation at all, as siblings, we were all so different anyway and materials and colours available were so much more limited then.  As a child, I knew that I always had the pink towel or the pink napkin at the table and for a while I even considered by default, that it was my favourite colour, along with red, which I seemed to wear most of the time.  It was not until I was in my early twenties, that I realised that pastel pink, was perhaps not one of my favourite colours after all, nor did it really suit me either.  As for red, I now know to treat the variety in a red, with much more careful consideration because you see, red is not just red…… it has all these warm and cool variations in between. The names of colours like Cherry red and Flame red, give out a lot of clues.

The explosion of colour that followed the post war austerity, in fashion during the 1960’s around the development of chemical dyes, had a radical effect on new, brighter colours that were becoming  available, using newly developed synthetic fibres, creating incredible dayglo and fluorescent colours. 

I remember choosing a very brightly coloured cotton fabric to make myself a dress, which my Mother was disdainful of, simply because it had bright acidic yellows and mustardy greens mixed with bright  shocking pinks as well as  pastel pinks and lilacs, all similar tones, which in her eyes did not go together at all. She was adamant that one should never put pink with yellow. I loved that dress, not just for the rebellion it created, but because it suited me and I can still see it in my minds eye, sadly nothing remains of it anywhere,  not even the notebook cover I made with remnants of it, clearly banished forever, once I left home. 

It is no surprise to me with hindsight, that I have unconsciously been defying her theory, in the nicest possible way ever since and proving that yes… pink can work with yellow!

Red and gold are well known classic combinations  and so with a moderation on that to a faded red you can have dusky pink with muted yellow. Gold, aka yellow was creeping in by my creative back door…  without me even realising it at the time. 

I did my degree in Ceramics and Three Dimensional Design, despite loving textiles as well, but my education and understanding of colour was yet to really start, so I doubt whether I could have thrived on any textile degree course, when faced at the crossroads of choosing which course and college to apply for.

We had covered colour theory and tones on our Foundation Art course, but its practical applications for me at that time were limited. I clearly understood three dimensional form much better, so colour got rather left by the sidelines when working in the monochrome world of wet grey clay and white plaster.

I loved being in the ceramics studio, but all the physical processes often took weeks and when my bisque pots came out of the kiln from their first firing, ready for glazing, I found that I had rather lost interest by then and I realise now, that time was an important factor too. Most of my ceramic creations ended up with just dark black or white glazes to show off the purity of their shapes, with maybe just a hint or line of gold lustre to highlight the edges of the form or create a simple motif detail, creeping in as a classical and traditional final touch. 

I simply did not use colour enough then, to get a better understanding of it.  As a young art and design student I had  found colour and the actual mixing of colours using Gouache paint, an extremely solid opaque and flat paint which was the new and trendy must have medium for designers at that time, quite difficult to handle and design with, so I avoided it, there were plenty of three dimensional challenges to deal with instead. I think at this point, my vocation as a designer, using skills, based on a craft, were much more successful, than wielding a paint brush as a fine artist. 

It was not until 2 or 3 years after graduating that I returned to textiles and thread in particular, finding that it could offer a spontaneity with consistent results which I found very exciting and satisfying. I have always enjoyed making clothes and items for the home, now I found myself happy to experiment in a less practical manner and finally began to gain the skill and confidence to understand colour better. Like that of opposing or complimentary colours, as seen on opposite sides of a colour wheel and understanding why some colours ‘sing together’ enhancing each other. An obvious one being red opposite green, who can fail to admire a green field full of red poppies.  This theory of opposite colours is all well explained in any text book on colour. 

As my ‘Thread Painting’ skills developed, my monochrome efforts that emerged from the machine needle as if I was drawing with a pencil, slowly evolved with increasing amounts of colour and lots of Poppies!

Which you can read about in my previous blog-

Creative Beginnings of an EMBROIDERER allergic to sewing by hand with needles….

Colour never fails to excite me now, as my drawings are recreated into stitches, discovering what combinations work together and how to get the best from them, means that I am always up for a surprise and accept that working with colour is always going to be an ongoing experiment. 

In the early stages of a new design, while considering the translation of my drawing  into stitches,  the first consideration has to be the tones primarily and then colour, before getting involved with the technical aspects of digitising. It is crucially important to establish what needs to be light and what needs to be dark. ie tone.  Colour can be ever changing and developed as the design evolves over time. But tones of light and dark in any composition need to be set first, whatever the colours they may actually be. 

I have now built up a confidence and repertoire from what I think works and what can always be improved, and always taking my cues from the base colours of the fabric or garment as the starting point.

Every now and then I dare to be harmlessly reckless with it, just to see what happens. 

A wild serendipity, how I love that word! 

My palette of thread reels, usually looking a bit more chaotic and wild than this tidy one for this photo, can be found in some sort of order by colour, that of green, reds, browns and blues and there are always some reels that could justify being in more than one drawer. Opening each drawer storage and you will find light to dark colours of that colour family as well as the warm to cool category of that same group. 

My machine embroidery thread is a solid presence in those drawers, their reels much less elusive than mixing paint colours and much easier to recall and have ready to use. But just to complicate things even further the highlights on the  sheen of the threads create even more colours. Take a look here at each reel and you will see at least 4 more colours in each and every one of them. 

As a thread, they are colours dispatched as a single, thin dashed  but continuous line, through the machine needle, that can be thickened and made more intense by the basic machine stitch styles chosen – running, bean, satin and fill stitch, to name just a few. 

The thread lines of two colours can be blended or patterned in such a way so as to create a suggestion of a totally new colour, like that of woven checks and tartans or shot silk. 

Colour can also be transparent or opaque.

Let  me suggest the following familiar opposites. as examples – 

Watercolour    v    Oilpaint

 Woodstain   v    Gloss paint

Fabric dye    v    Screen printing ink

Drawing inks    v    Gouache paint

Voile fabric    v    Velvet.

Even computer graphics offer  transparent colours v opaque colours.  Which when overlapped can to create a third colour as well as solid colours.

Let me now go backwards just a bit, to when I was newly married, living in a Chiltern village and getting to know my local community. Party plan marketing was trending, thankfully beyond Tupperware, into clothing, cookware and makeup and so I was persuaded to hold a Jafra cosmetics party for a group of ladies in our tiny cottage. in the hope that I would get to know more local people and earn some commission too.

The lovely consultant  who talked us into buying after demonstrating the products was, I was later to learn, a top performer in the local amateur dramatics group and had us either all in stitches as the dame in the annual panto or delivering with vocal expertise her more serious memorable roles, so you can imagine her presentation for the party plan evening was confident, articulate, amusing and very well delivered. The thing that struck me most about her presentation of the unique selling point and philosophy behind this range of cosmetics was about colour and in particular centered around what personal seasonal range we each were.

She  then went on to identify each one of us in turn, as being either Winter, Spring, Summer or Autumn using  eye and hair colour, and skin tone to diagnose a category of being warm or cool. Some people fell into both the warm Spring and Autumn range, as I did, or were more suited to the cooler shades of Winter and Summer, also White versus Cream? All demonstrated with seasonal colour range cards much in the way a modern colour consultant would do your colours and give you a swatch of all the colours , tints and tones that suit you.

This was all quite an eye opener for me, despite my art training, as colour had never been discussed at college in terms of personal radiance, clothing or fashion.

It was a fascinating analysis, being quite novel at the time and the cosmetics being offered were in these seasonal ranges. So I embarked on my Spring journey, discovering colours that I had not considered wearing before, that indeed made me feel and look better in.

This clarified so clearly why some colours do not suit you and you can then avoid having a wardrobe full of such  dubious colour mistakes in future and an understanding why some things never get worn.

Colour agencies that can  ‘do your colours’ abound everywhere now and  have gone  even further with the concept  of taking in body shape and silhouette as well. 

When I get up in the morning I like to take a moment to decide what I am going to wear, what colour do I feel like wearing today? This is usually the first question I ask myself, then resolve it with practicalities and availability. The colours of my clothes clearly reflect not just how I want to feel, but I like to acknowledge the summer season and light, with the brighter spring colours that I can wear and leave the darker autumn colours and black to the winter and those dark nights of glittery celebrations or warm glow of fireside and candlelight.

My embroidery and its colours were now being used for embellished clothing, leisurewear and accessories, and had to appeal to the buyer, if they were to purchase my work. Their personal concept of colour was another new hurdle to overcome.  So colour in fashion, the combinations and success of it became very  important elements to consider as well.

The base fabric of a garment may no longer be a white blank canvas or the equivalent of a pristine sheet of white paper, it is a colour and may be dark or light and presents another whole new challenge, where colour is concerned.

I will give the following scenario as a typical example. I know the exact shade of green thread and its number that I want to use to depict that bright new beech leaf green in the spring,  I know it will work perfectly on a white base fabric. 

Now here is the challenge, this time the background fabric of the item that I am decorating  is already a colour in itself,  lets say it is a mustard coloured cushion cover. Place on it your dependable bright beech green and suddenly it does not look that colour at all,  its gone all turquoisey blue… not green at all, what has happened?

It took me a while to understand that the base / background fabric colour will leech out is own colour from the new additional colour you sew  on top of it, so the nice bright beech green has had all its warm yellows leeched out of it, then it is going to appear to be  be left with proportionately more blues and may even cease to look green at all.

This can be treated either as a disaster or an exciting new journey.  

Another less obvious challenge is sewing with contrasting tones, for instance an embroidered letter in pale pink onto black fabric, the contrast is now so great that the pale pink will no longer look pink against the black, it looks bleached and almost white, so the pink chosen has to be a darker stronger pink than you planned to make it appear as pink as the original shade of pink originally seen on a white back ground fabric.

I would get frustrated when presented with the exact pantone colours of a brand or logo, which was often  presented and specified on whitepaper that a company would insist on for consistency, when the implications of using it on fabric and textiles never took into account these necessary compromises to reacting colours.

When I was asked to create embroidered corporate or club wear with brand logos or crests, I often had to use a different set of coloured threads on the ‘red jacket’ to that done on the white shirt of the same design, just so the branding  ‘appeared’ to look the same colours and be consistent across the whole range.

Welcome to my world. One has to anticipate and work with these issues and I love to use colours now to just  see what happens … it either works or it doesn’t, you can love or hate it and I know I can adjust things as soon as a few stitches are made by changing something there and then or just improve on the next one I make. 

Despite an extensive repertoire and experience of colour now,  I still get that tingling excitement of expectation watching the thread colours that I have chosen being run out on my embroidery machines. 

My very first commercial embroidery machine only had six needles so I had to limit the number of colours to 6 in a design and get clever with creating the illusion of more colours if needed,  by the way I embroidered and mixed those threads.

This was a useful discipline to get used to, as I came to realise that my most successful designs might only have 3 colours or 6 at the most. Too many and it can end up as a bit of a muddy muddle.

Next time I get out my watercolour paints, I am going to restrict myself in the same way. My favourite artists, use a restricted palette, it reduces the choices and hopefully makes the process of creativity easier.

As a creative artist, designer and maker, I have come to really enjoy and celebrate colour, I hope you can too.

My name is Pauline Thomas, I am not always hearing, but always looking,

always creating and I love what I do. 

Black-and-white Black

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Creative Beginnings of an EMBROIDERER allergic to sewing by hand with needles….

No machine however sophisticated can make anything beautiful unless it is skillfully instructed to do so and used as a tool, with understanding of the technology, materials and techniques and constantly pushing the creative boundaries.

There lies my skill, and my story. 

I am never sure, looking back, if it was our rural location in Norfolk or a thrifty mother who went through the war, making the most of what one had, whose mantra was-

 ‘If you want something, you will have to make it’

that encouraged us, her three girls to be creative. 

I was told I could use her electric Singer sewing machine as soon as I could work out how to sew a straight line……. which was simple really…. place the fabric carefully, lower the presser foot at the start and let the machine’s dog teeth feed, do the straight line.

My Dad was very creative, always planning projects with sketches on the back of old envelopes and as his youngest daughter, I loved to watch him work, whether it was outside laying bricks for a garden feature or standing ankle deep in heaps of fragrant coils of wood shavings that floated down around us as I stood next to him in his workshop, doing my best not to be in the way of his long arms and elbows as he was planing a piece of wood at the bench. It seems that I inherited Dad’s creativity and my Mum’s hoarding character for anything that might come in useful ……. and ……. both my Mum and Dad’s very long arms…

As a child, l was always happy to be making things and using my hands,  I dabbled in most of the crafts, being taught to knit on four needles before I had even left primary school, was shown how to crochet by a kind farmers wife whilst my Dad was selling tractors and machinery to her husband and most of the farmers in Norfolk.

I rather scorned the paint by numbers gift set, using oil paint, but loved the introduction to another as yet unknown medium, (long before acrylic paint) but was not forgiven for the heady scent that lingered in my bedroom for days after, compounded with linseed oil from my handed down lacrosse stick, oiled and  made ready for the new autumn school term.

I used my Mum’s sewing machine to sew clothes first for my dolls and then for me, until I got my very own Janome machine for my 18th birthday and marveled at the new zig zag stitch it could do….along with the complex cams lined up inside the box.. for fancy stuff and stitches.

I loved doing both weaving and batik for my A level Art . Then I discovered clay and sculpture too and loved being in the ceramics studio….throwing pots on the wheel ….drawing and design…… but it was that sewing machine that was worked really hard, setting me on the picturesque and circuitous route towards where I am now……  

Born profoundly deaf, I was quite happy to be in a world of my own, and I am told that I have amazing powers of concentration when focused on doing things,  but thankfully not to the point of being antisocial, doing things that used my hands and learning by example, trial and error, referring to books and looking at picture diagrams.

I had speech therapy from a Mrs Pictures, I can see her now, coming into the house with her rich auburn hair piled high in a sophisticated and glamorous chic french pleat and appreciating her pretty kitten heel shoes long before I was even three years old.

As a teacher of the deaf she came to teach me and my mother too, how to encourage me to talk and lipread, in order to understand speech in a hearing world with the additional help of powerful hearing aids, later reduced to just one as my left ear was pretty useless.

This vital speech therapy continued until I was 16, sharing the sessions, with another deaf girl from my school class, making sure we pronounced our T’s clearly and properly and looked for the difficult S’s that were silent unheard hisses and used the lips shape to discern the subtle differences between the B’s,C’s, D’s and E’s, needing the vowels each side to add to the clues otherwise they all look and sound the same.

Learning  the piano and reading music was a complete happy accident, when  on the arrival of a brand new piano that was delivered as a surprise intended for my sisters, my Mum encouraged our first music teacher to teach me initially as well, just so I would not feel left out, thinking I would naturally drop out.

It was a complete revelation to me, that the printed dots of the music notation related to the rhythms and syllables of the sung words of the lyrics, written underneath, and I carried on with the lessons.

I was to find sadly, that not all music teachers were willing to teach me. The final rejection was when I was at college. Apparently there was a massive showdown in the college staff room that day, between the head of our Ceramics department when he found out I had been refused further music tuition on the basis that I was deaf, and the Head of Music, who had never met me and was rather forced to give me a second chance with a terrifying audition to prove myself…fortunately for me, he then decided to take me on as something of a challenge, teaching me himself.

He was a demanding but inspiring mentor and teacher, encouraging  and stretching me to try new things including the harpsichord, accompanying Paul playing the treble recorder. Two years on, I was surprised and delighted to receive a commendation in music with my BA Honors Degree. 

Chopin Nocturne commissioned embroidered keyboard cover

I still take lessons even now and love to play Chopin. Without learning an instrument I would never have appreciated music at all.  Reading music or a score is like having captions / subtitles on a film to clarify what I would otherwise have missed. Just don’t expect me to play spontaneously by ear or sing!

Communicating takes a lot of effort even now and it was hardest of all in the noisy and most challenging environment of all….school…. so the school holidays spent at home were a relief from the din, my Mum never had to worry about keeping me occupied….just make sure that her haberdashery box was full of collected bits and pieces, buttons, zips, thread etc and she would remind me to oil the sewing machine before starting anything. Hopefully I had something made, finished and flattering enough to wear, in time for Saturday night. 

I graduated from Loughborough College of Art & Design, in Ceramics and Three Dimensional Design. My Dad had been a student there before being called up during the war and I met my future husband Paul, studying Furniture design there too. 

We later set up the business ‘Embroidered Collection’, together and the title has conveniently covered everything I have ever made in stitch and we have both been sustained by our own skills and creative efforts ever since. We are often seen together supporting each others work, at shows and major events.

Looking back at my younger self, I now realise that life has gone by in SEVEN  year cycles, for me it was thankfully without the infamous itch. Some of the changes were very subtle, others less so, but I hardly noticed at all,  until 4 cycles later, that there it was indeed, a seven year pattern beginning to emerge. 

Discovering the spontaneity of free machining.

After completing a small piece of hand embroidery for a college  project, I was frustrated at how slow it was, my fingertips and thumb on my right hand shredded and split and were very painful,  so as someone who will even sew a button on by machine, instead of by hand, I was goaded to have a go at embroidery on my machine ‘since you do everything else by machine!’ I admit to initially wrinkling my nose up at the thought, but eventually rose to the challenge. Apparently I am allergic to the nickel in sewing needles which explains a lot!

Black and white thread sketch of country scene done in machine stitches drawing as if the needle were a pencil
A quick and spontaneous sketch drawing of a country scene as if the machine needle were my pencil.

So one day, I found myself lowering the sewing machine’s dog feed teeth right down, the very thing that enabled me to do those straight lines of my initiation test set by my mother, and removing the presser foot on my Janome sewing machine, ready to take  some cotton fabric stretched tight into a wooden embroidery hoop and sort of just ‘scribbling’ with the machine needle and thread creating a single line that was anything but straight. It was very liberating and quite amazingly spontaneous and quick. I loved it. 

The now exposed bare sharp needle, needed some serious respect, these days a special darning foot is available with most machines making it much safer to use when free machining with this technique. 

Needless to say, (sorry) I broke plenty of needles in those early stages, mainly because I forgot to lower the needle bar to create the tension on the thread because the foot was no longer there to remind me to lower it……… then not running the machine fast enough to keep up with the movements of my hands on the hoop, drawing with the machine needle and thread so the poor needle was being stressed to bend away from the hole in the needle plate and then shattering with a bang. 

So after I had burnt out  the motor on my much loved Janome, with the need to run the machine much faster and for long periods of time with little chance to cool down,  I confidently moved onto  a more robust and basic model of Bernina which I still have,  for creating my Thread Paintings of the English landscape onto hand painted silk.

Embroidered picture of a cornfield and poppies
My early Thread Paintings done on my Janome were very small and kept simple

Repetition and practice are key to improvement, just like throwing a clay pot at the wheel, as I had done at Art College, don’t make it too ambitious, precious or too big and try and try again and then one hopefully improves with time. My early free machined results were small often only 2 inches across, then later a little larger for small mounted and framed pictures.

Most techniques associated with production, make good places to learn and improve, not just sewing technique but also my use of colour, building up confidence to move away from monochrome pencil sketches and create perspective and distance in my landscapes, firstly with pictorial design and horizons, then with fine texture and colour, building a layered effect with each hedge line, trees and fence, increasing the sizes of stitches and thickness of thread as one came into the foreground and the last stages of working the picture.

embroidered picture of a yellow spring landscape of oil seed rape and trees
The monochrome sketches had colour, added in layers from the distance working forward.

My Thread Paintings sold well, at Craft Fairs, Galleries and Exhibitions and I was invited to give talks and displays, did some teaching, wrote a few magazine articles, but never a book, the opportunity never arose and besides I liked the doing and being creative far more.

Visiting a London Ski show in 1985, I saw and watched an industrial embroidery machine just personalising some skiwear, I was totally mesmerized, for here was a machine doing what I was doing, moving the hoop around underneath to a static needle….albeit remotely…. so now another 7 year phase began of my embroidery journey, that of sewing with CAD CAM machines stitching up to what was then an amazing 600 stitches a minute.

But  there was a time during my research for a suitable  embroidery machine to buy that the suppliers and  the commercial embroidery  industry thought me completely mad and said that I would never be able to do what I wanted without using a trained professional digitizer….. they talked over my head to Paul instead of me. This determined deaf woman, I guess was too much for this male dominated world at that time…… I reluctantly gave them some of  my artwork and they murdered it completely…..

Eventually I was lucky, to meet Tom Clark, an enterprising engineer who was inspired by what I wanted to do and was invaluable with his support and  help  giving up several of his weekends to make sure the latest machine he was to sell me,  had the potential to do what I wanted. It was a fascinating time and I am forever indebted to him. 

So I became the proud owner of a twin head SUPERSTAR with 6  needles ( no trimmers and no screen like now) and  a digitizing board with the first of the floppy disk readers after the punched tape, two training days and there I was on my own…What had I done?

A machine embroidered Thread Painting of Hawtrhorn berries in a hedge looking across a field to winter trees with late evening glow in the sky around November and feels misty and coldter tree
Hedgethorn, a Thread Painting on hand dyed and painted silk, digitised and produced by Pauline Thomas for a limited production run.

So I learnt  to digitise my landscape drawings myself, the hard way….it took 6 months of hard work, a lot of mistakes and positive rubbish but  fast forward a few years and my  ‘Hedgethorn’ picture  as a typical example of the proud result of creating my own path, with new technology and being the first person to create a ‘Thread Painting’ on hand painted silk as an ‘unlimited edition,’ in this way. Much as an artist would print from an etching plate, each one being slightly different due to the inking up of colours each time.

The next phase of my embroidery journey, was shaped by necessity, the economy, aches and pain, opportunity, technological changes, market changes and personal interests and of course the arrival of a full computer screen as we know it now, which forced one of those seismic 7 year changes that I mentioned. The newer machines ran ever faster at over 1000 stitches per minute. No time to stand still.

Now I do not just draw with thread, I colour it in too, with pattern, layers, highlights and form, so decorating things with my designs was the next phase. The Hare became my mascot, featuring again and again, in my designs and popping up everywhere, almost as my stitched signature.

GOLD metallic threads too, used in a three dimensional and sculptural way became a big part of my new work. After all, artistically I am a three dimensional person and not two, as traditionally associated with textile designers. 

Creatures with an eye for attitude, flora and fauna all became part of my new landscapes.

My name is Pauline Thomas, I am not always hearing, but always looking, always creating and I love what I do. 

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